The Atomic Bombs Released On The Doomsday Clock - 1773 Words

Jadis Chavez-Storrs Professor Myers English 1A 26 February 2017 Seconds to Midnight on the Doomsday Clock The Atomic bombs released on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan by an American B-29 bomber, the Enola Gay, brought WWII to a significant end. During WWII, the United States and Soviet Union served as allies against the Axis Powers. Though this wasn’t the only alliance standing against Japan, Italy, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria; The United States’ and USSR’s relationship at this point in history was controversial because the two nations never completely trusted each other although fighting common enemies. According to historian Gar Alperovitz, â€Å"The bomb made it possible for the United States to do whatever it wanted to Europe because we†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"My clothes were burnt and so was my skin. I was in rags. I had braided my hair, but now it was like a lion’s mane. There were people, barely breathing, trying to push their intestines back in. People with their legs wrenched off. Without heads. Or with faces burned and swollen out of s hape. The scene I saw was a living hell.† (Michiko 385). A civilian who was exposed to the atomic bomb, Yamamoka Michiko, reflects on the scene she so devastatingly was a part of the day the bomb was dropped. Her description of the cities ruins gives us an idea of just how brutal and horrific the nuclear weapon turned to be. Not only did the United States privately construct such a ruthless weapon, but also used the Atomic Bomb as an unfortunate way to instantaneously end WWII. The United States’ decision to bomb Japan was seen as directed against the Soviet Union because during this time, Stalin had moved troops to the far East in order to enter war with Japan to secure and strengthen a soviet strategic position for combat. The bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki is seen as an unnecessary war crime because allied nations were making moves to prepare to defeat Japan. Though nations such as the Soviet Union worked vigorously to defeat Japan, the United States wanted to end the war quickly while letting other nations know the they were in charge due to their possession of the world’s first nuclear weapon. The aftermath of WWII left many nations in a

The Atomic Bombs Released On The Doomsday Clock - 1773 Words

Jadis Chavez-Storrs Professor Myers English 1A 26 February 2017 Seconds to Midnight on the Doomsday Clock The Atomic bombs released on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan by an American B-29 bomber, the Enola Gay, brought WWII to a significant end. During WWII, the United States and Soviet Union served as allies against the Axis Powers. Though this wasn’t the only alliance standing against Japan, Italy, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria; The United States’ and USSR’s relationship at this point in history was controversial because the two nations never completely trusted each other although fighting common enemies. According to historian Gar Alperovitz, â€Å"The bomb made it possible for the United States to do whatever it wanted to Europe because we†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"My clothes were burnt and so was my skin. I was in rags. I had braided my hair, but now it was like a lion’s mane. There were people, barely breathing, trying to push their intestines back in. People with their legs wrenched off. Without heads. Or with faces burned and swollen out of s hape. The scene I saw was a living hell.† (Michiko 385). A civilian who was exposed to the atomic bomb, Yamamoka Michiko, reflects on the scene she so devastatingly was a part of the day the bomb was dropped. Her description of the cities ruins gives us an idea of just how brutal and horrific the nuclear weapon turned to be. Not only did the United States privately construct such a ruthless weapon, but also used the Atomic Bomb as an unfortunate way to instantaneously end WWII. The United States’ decision to bomb Japan was seen as directed against the Soviet Union because during this time, Stalin had moved troops to the far East in order to enter war with Japan to secure and strengthen a soviet strategic position for combat. The bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki is seen as an unnecessary war crime because allied nations were making moves to prepare to defeat Japan. Though nations such as the Soviet Union worked vigorously to defeat Japan, the United States wanted to end the war quickly while letting other nations know the they were in charge due to their possession of the world’s first nuclear weapon. The aftermath of WWII left many nations in a

The Outsider’s Essay Free Essays

Area of Study Essay – The Outsiders Essay Teenagers are shown in a variety of texts to be, violent, disrespectful, disruptive and corrupt. S. E. We will write a custom essay sample on The Outsider’s Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hinton’s novel ‘The Outsiders’ reveal teenagers to be juvenile delinquents who are violent and whose only interest is remaining faithful to their gang and its members. The theme of the novel ‘The Outsiders’ as the main characters are explained to be represented as juvenile delinquents who belong to a violent neighbourhood and lawless gangs. The gangs that fight the most are the ‘Greasers’ and the ‘Socs’. The ‘Greasers’ are tough and as, they steal from the shops, rob cars, jump people, sneak into drive in movies and don’t do well in school. The Greasers wear- long oily hair and scruffy clothes. The Socs are tough, cold- blood and mean trouble-makers. The Soc’s do well in school; the Soc’s wear- short hairs, nice clothes, and have expensive cars. â€Å"How’d you like that haircut to begin just below the neck†¦? † (Dialogue). This reveals that the Socs are attacking Ponyboy and are trying to cut his hair. â€Å"What kind of world is it where all I have to be proud of is a reputation for being a hood, and greasy hair? † (Rhetorical Question). Ponyboy is asking himself that what world he would have to live in to put up with his reputation and having greasy hair. â€Å"You get tough like me and you don’t get hurt. You look out for yourself and nothin’ can touch you†¦ † (Dialogue). Dally is telling Ponyboy that if your get tough like me you won’t have to put up with what you’re going through. The ‘Greasers’ and the ‘Socs’ are juvenile delinquents who fight a lot and this is how teenagers are represented in the novel. Teenagers in the novel ‘The Outsiders’ represented as violent, disrespectful and rebellious. The characterisation of Dallas Winston supports this argument. Dally is described through Ponyboy’s first person narration, ‘he lied, cheated, rode in rodeos, he got drunk, jumped small kids – he did everything’. This description of Dally indicates his disrespect for the law and society. Ponyboy uses figurative language to characterise Dally, ‘he had an elfish face, with high cheekbones †¦ small sharp animal teeth and ears like a lynx’. This simile indicates Dally’s tough physical appearance and also his reaction to be animalistic in his behaviour. First person narration indicates Dally’s rebellious past, ‘Dally had been arrested at the age of en’ and ‘blew off steam in gang fights’. It is through the characterisation of Dally and Ponyboy’s first person narration, the novel depicts teenagers as rebellious, violent and disrespectful. Dally behaviour and disrespect for women is exposed in the incident at the drive-ins involving Cherry and Marcia. Dally snuc k in to drive-ins because ‘Dally hated to do thing the legal way’. Dally spoke really loudly using offensive language so that the girls could hear, ‘just to embarrass the girls’. Dally continued to disrespect the young women by putting his feet on the back of their seats. Dally shows no respect for women or the law in this incident and further emphasises the representation of teenagers in ‘The Outsiders’ as arrogant, disrespectful and immature. In the related text, Simple Plan’s ‘Welcome to my Life’ reveals teenagers to be upset, depressed and overwhelmed. Simple Plans ‘Welcome to my life’ says about teenagers that are being bullied all the time and they’re just locking them self’s in there room because of this reason. For example – â€Å"To be left out in the dark, To be kicked when you’re down, To feel like you’ve been pushed around, To be on the edge of breaking down, And no one’s there to save you†. This quote of this song is telling us that some teenagers are being put down, being bullied, and don’t want to do what they are going to do because the people that bully them might be at that place and embarrass them there. Your taunted for being different and all you want to do is lock yourself away and scream and rage,’ â€Å"To be hurt, to feel lost, to be left out in the dark, to be kicked when your down’ even after all the disappointment and days people never understand and they still be-little you. In the end you neither care nor believe that you want to live. Before your life is over. It is through these texts that teenagers are shown to be burden on society. It is trough S. E. Hintons ‘The Outsiders’ and the Simple Plans ‘Welcome to my Life’ that teenager are depicted as rebellious and disrespectful. This representation of teenager’s shapes audience understands of teenagers in a negative way as they reveal all of the terrible aspects of being a teenager. How to cite The Outsider’s Essay, Essay examples

THE TREATY OF WAITANGI Essay Example For Students

THE TREATY OF WAITANGI Essay Her Majesty Victoria Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland regarding with Her Royal Favour the Native Chiefs and Tribes of New Zealand and anxious to protect their just Rights and Property and to secure to them the enjoyment of Peace and Good Order has deemed it necessary in consequence of the great number of Her Majestys Subjects who have already settled in New Zealand and the rapid extension of Emigration both from Europe and Australia which is still in progress to constitute and appoint a functionary properly authorised to treat with the Aborigines of New Zealand for the recognition of Her Majestys sovereign authority over the whole or any part of those islands Her Majesty therefore being desirous to establish a settled form of Civil Government with a view to avert the evil consequences which must result from the absence of the necessary Laws and Institutions alike to the native population and to Her subjects has been graciously pleased to empower and to author ise me William Hobson a Captain in Her Majestys Royal Navy Consul and I, Lieutenant Governor of such parts of New Zealand as may be or hereafter shall be ceded to Her Majesty to invite the confederated and independent Chiefs of New Zealand to concur in the following Articles and Conditions. Article the firstThe Chiefs of the Confederation of the United Tribes of New Zealand and the separate and independent Chiefs who have not become members of the Confederation cede to Her Majesty the Queen of England absolutely and without reservation all the rights and powers of Sovereignty which the said Confederation of Individual Chiefs respectively exercise or possess, or may be supposed to exercise or to possess over their respective Territories as the sole sovereigns thereof. Article the secondHer Majesty the Queen of England confirms and guarantees to the Chiefs and Tribes of New Zealand and to the respective families and individuals thereof the full exclusive and undisturbed possession of their Lands and Estates Forests Fisheries and other properties which they may collectively or individually possess so long as it is their wish and desire to retain the same in their possession; but the Chiefs of the United Tribes and the individual Chiefs yield to Her Majesty the exclusive right of Preemption over such lands as the proprietors thereof may be disposed to alienate at such prices as may be agreed upon between the respective Proprietors and persons appointed by Her Majesty to treat with them in that behalf. Article the thirdIn consideration thereof Her Majesty the Queen of England extends to the Natives of New Zealand Her royal protection and imparts to them all the Rights and Privileges of British Subjects. W. Hobson Lieutenant GovernorNow therefore We the Chiefs of the Confederation of the United Tribes of New Zealand being assembled in Congress at Victoria in Waitangi and We the Separate and Independent Chiefs of New Zealand claiming authority over the Tribes and Territories which are specified after our respective names, having been made fully to understand the Provisions of the foregoing Treaty, accept and enter into the same in the full spirit and meaning thereof in witness of which we have attached our signatures or marks at the places and the dates respectively specifiedDone at Waitangi this Sixth day of February in the year of our lord once thousand eight hundred and forty. The Chiefs of the Confederation

Www.Nationalbank.Co.Nz - Web Site Analysis Essays -

Www.Nationalbank.Co.Nz - Web Site Analysis Terms of Reference Date of Request 16 February 2001 Request To produce a design methodology and technical report containing a factual based assessment of a chosen Internet site, CD-ROM and my personal group project. Requested By Michael Vehaart Deliverables Report style format, paper based presentation enclosed in a folder. Due Date 15 March 2001 Introduction Below are the results of research taken out to access different multimedia designs and their internal components that enable them to compete in an aggressive environment Question One Internet Site The National Bank (www.nationalbank.co.nz) Methodology When creating a website for a large company the use of the waterfall methodology is required. The Steps involved in the waterfall development are: ? Planning (identify scope, plan development strategies and goals.) ? Requirements analysis (what the website should do) ? Design (How the website is going to work) ? Implementation & Testing (Using the website and seeing if it works) ? Support (correcting errors, improving and enhancing) This methodology was used because in order to produce an effective computer based application, particularly where the project is large and/or complex, schedules need to be met, costs controlled, quality maintained and specifications adhered to design methodologies will need to be followed. (Vehaart 2000) This is evident because of the online banking that is provided by the National Bank and there need for relevant up to date information at there website which is a large project to control without the use of Planning, Analysis and Design. Essential components Essential components for a website (Ruth Kastenmayer Webmaster and style guide editor at Judson College (http://home.judson.edu/styleguide/contents.html)) are: ? Web page independence (Who, What, When, Where) ? User-centered design (target audience) ? Ease of navigation (clear easy to follow navigation) ? Access speed (provide users with information they want in fewest steps) ? Simplicity and consistency (easy to understand, similar setup) ? Page context, and (where you are and where the next link is going to take you) ? Functionality (ensuring things e.g., links always work) On the above components I will access the National Bank website. When you first enter the homepage for the National Bank you are greeted with a large banner explaining what site you have entered, a list of click able links explaining what is held within, down the bottom of the page it has when the website was created but no sign of updates, all though you hope they do, and it has a tab header frame at the top of every page to take you to there homepage or other pages within their site. This site has its target audience in mind they are Mr and Mrs Joe Bloggs and students. This is apparent through their use of image cycling on their homepage where it cycles through images of couples, singles and students and the tailor made accounts that they offer for them. The even better part is when you click on these images it takes you to the information about that account. Navigation of the site is well layed out and easy to use with the use of rollover change, which highlights the link you have the mouse situated over and gives you subheadings of the pages within that link. Also situated at the bottom of the page is underlined text links which you can use to move amongst the headings of the site and they also change to a different colour once clicked on to let the user know where they have been within the site. Also there is a contents header at the top of every page listing the major headings and the subheadings of the page you are in as well as the page you are currently on. Interface studies have shown that users prefer menus that present a minimum of five to seven links, and that users prefer a few very dense screens of choices over many layers of simplified menus. (Web Style Guide http://info.med.yale.edu/caim/manual/interface/basic_interface2.html) With this statement in mind National Bank have done just that with theyre maximum of seven links within most pages contained in the site. Also the speed in which the site loads up is relatively short because of the use of simple design, simple graphics, and simple layout. This is shown with every page having the same background, colours and layout so within a few clicks the user feels familiar with the site and can navigate it without the need for help. With

Free Essays on Cohn

In Cohn’s article on rational choice, it becomes apparent that a growing sub-group within political science becomes increasingly frustrated at the unpredictable nature of the field of political science. This mathematical approach to explaining political phenomena sought to create a model by which all political issues could be explained, through quantification. The movement of rational choice evolved from the few to a growing number of people. Cohn describes behaviorism as an alternate route to political science that never fully expanded but never went away, a prelude to the rational choice. In a sense, once a part of the political science community got a taste of a mathematical and modeled approach, those ideas stuck. Today, as with the example of the Perestroika meeting in San Francisco, there is clearly a shift in the internal dynamics of the political science community due to rational choice. It is certainly not a fad, but at the same time, it is only a movement towards a greater shift within the political science community. The scientific revolution here has not resulted in a ruling paradigm of rational choice (as it is in the minority view), but the revolution is one of incorporation of it into political science as a whole. It is incorporated into a traditionalist approach, and to the displeasure of many political scientists. The ideas of incorporating statistics into research and theory blend in with the traditional paradigm of political science, and are even mildly accepted by those who may even be threatened by a rational choice takeover. But since rational choice cannot be considered a normal research method that has created a universal model for all political scientists, it cannot be a paradigm.... Free Essays on Cohn Free Essays on Cohn In Cohn’s article on rational choice, it becomes apparent that a growing sub-group within political science becomes increasingly frustrated at the unpredictable nature of the field of political science. This mathematical approach to explaining political phenomena sought to create a model by which all political issues could be explained, through quantification. The movement of rational choice evolved from the few to a growing number of people. Cohn describes behaviorism as an alternate route to political science that never fully expanded but never went away, a prelude to the rational choice. In a sense, once a part of the political science community got a taste of a mathematical and modeled approach, those ideas stuck. Today, as with the example of the Perestroika meeting in San Francisco, there is clearly a shift in the internal dynamics of the political science community due to rational choice. It is certainly not a fad, but at the same time, it is only a movement towards a greater shift within the political science community. The scientific revolution here has not resulted in a ruling paradigm of rational choice (as it is in the minority view), but the revolution is one of incorporation of it into political science as a whole. It is incorporated into a traditionalist approach, and to the displeasure of many political scientists. The ideas of incorporating statistics into research and theory blend in with the traditional paradigm of political science, and are even mildly accepted by those who may even be threatened by a rational choice takeover. But since rational choice cannot be considered a normal research method that has created a universal model for all political scientists, it cannot be a paradigm....

Cancer is Considered as the Manifestation Samples for Students

Cancer is considered as the manifestation of a chronic stressor that distresses the quality of life of the victims. The diagnosis with breast cancer detrimentally influences different dimensions of life, including the physical, psychological, spiritual, and social dimensions, prompting long-term impressions on the quality of life. This disease diagnosis frequently is accompanied by distress and disturbing thoughts which can lead to emotional and psychological jeopardies. Coping with breast cancer has been described as being physically and emotionally challenging. A woman like Mary has to cope with all these complications and has to adjust with her new life altering event. Emotional responses seem to dominate various aspects of life. Different emotional responses can be triggered by the cancer diagnosis. In this circumstances, a woman is likely to endure shocks and disbelief as the primary emotional responses, subsequently with a phase of suffering considered as aggregated result of depression, anxiety, and anger (Morse, Pooler, Vann-Ward, Maddox, Olausson Roche-Dean & Martz, 2014). It is normal for breast cancer victims to develop a sense of guilt that their families have to experience so much distresses. Like Mary, any mother might get frightened for the future of her kids and might get more emotionally affected than other breast cancer patients. In a case like Mary’s, the infants are totally dependable on their mother. After the disease diagnosis, a woman may not be able to provide optimum care to her children which can cause emotional stress. A woman may also endure persistence feelings of hopelessness, lack of interest, over-consciousness about the body image, self-loathing and frustration. The emotional responses are considered detrimental to the patient's health but they are actually typical in association to malignancy diagnosis  (Tamagawa, et al., 2013). This emotional state of distress about cancer diagnosis and the life altering events it brings might actually help patients to cope. Cognitive responses are associated with psychological trauma due to cancer diagnosis. As described by Wang, et al. (2014), patient's cognitive responses towards her stressful situation usually embrace persistent uncertainties, confusion, negative feelings and damaging outlook, amnesia, difficulty inattentiveness and cognitive sluggishness. Cognitive responses  also frequently consist of mental tremor, cognitive impairments, denial about the reality, sleep disturbance, low self-esteem, incompetence, reconsideration about life and worries about mortality etc. Cognitive responses of a patient after the disease diagnosis have been found to be associated with anxiety and alterations in a way that higher the deceptive level of threat, the inferior the level of health outcome and higher the level of distress. A highly depressing mind-setup after the disease diagnosis can lead to cognitive impairments. Cognitive impairment is the main cause of deprived psychological functioning, intellectu al incapacities, and changes in personality  (Janelsins, Kesler, Ahles, & Morrow, 2014). Changes in behavioral responses may occur after disease diagnosis. Behavioral responses strongly depend on alteration in mood, loss of energy, and cognition. It is a devastating and life-altering condition for any woman to cope with breast cancer diagnosis which directly impacts behavioral responses  (Berman, et al., 2014). Fatigue is gradually recognized as one of the most worrying after-effects of disease diagnosis which brings immense behavioral changes. The patients tend to complain about fatigue, depression, sleep reduction, irritability, and loss of interest in any work (Galiano-Castillo, et al., 2014). As specified by Berman, et al. (2014), patients are also more likely to show aggression, anger, uncontrolled behavior, panic attacks and substance abuse. Suicidal attitudes are the most worrying behavioral responses among breast cancer patients. Some women also show increased consumption of alcohol to cope with the illnesses. The behavioral changes are strongly existed during the initial months of the cancer diagnosis but generally, reduces over time as the patients get accustomed with the primary shock of malignancy diagnosis. Cancer diagnosis imposes several risk factors on the victims. It is a highly traumatic condition for any woman but the situation becomes worse in the case of a mother like Mary with two infants. Early-stage breast cancer can be treated by mastectomy and lumpectomy followed by radiation therapy. These breast-sparing surgeries can prevent a mother from breastfeeding which adversely impacts both the mother and her babies  (Leal, Stuart, & Carvalho, 2013). The common risk factors of mastectomy are the infection of the surgical site, bleeding, throbbing pain, lymphedema, numbness, and development of stiff marks at the surgical spot. Lumpectomy brings the possible side effects like breast tenderness, pain, bleeding, development of stiff marks at surgical spot and alteration in form and shape of the treated breast (Rakhra, et al., 2016). Risk factors of radiation therapies include fatigue, dermatological problems, soreness of nipple and breast etc. In the case of a lactating woman like Ma ry, a huge difference in milk production of the irradiated breast can occur. Invasive breast surgeries like mastectomy and lumpectomy mutilate the breast tissues which interrupts the normal drainage of breast milk (Leal, Stuart, & Carvalho, 2013). Taking appropriate protective measures after disease diagnosis is vital for these women. Getting a second opinion from another oncologist about all available treatment options is very important. A second opinion not only increases a patient's self-reliance that she is getting the right cancer management but also reduces the chance of misdiagnosis. Support from the family members plays a key role in the mental stability of breast cancer patients. Consulting with a psychologist can improve patient's quality of life (Colby & Shifren, 2013). Getting proper nutrition and mild exercise is essential. These patients must be restrained from alcohol consumption, smoking and excessive intake of beverages containing caffeine. Being diagnosed with breast cancer is a transformative experience for any woman. Special attention from the family members can make a huge difference on patient’s mental condition and improve her view towards life. Negative emotional, behavioral responses and cognitive impairment can upset the quality of life. Consulting a psychotherapist is highly   considered recommended for breast cancer patients especially for women with babies. Mental health professionals can show the patients and their families various problem-solving approaches in a supportive environment. Women with breast cancer also need emotional support from the society besides their families. Emotional support and sympathy can be therapeutic for women suffering from breast cancer. Berman, M. G., Askren, M. K., Jung, M., Therrien, B., Peltier, S., Noll, D. C., & Cimprich, B. (2014). Pre-treatment worry and neurocognitive responses in women with this disease. Health psychology, 222. Colby, D. A., & Shifren, K. (2013). Optimism, mental health, and quality of life: a study among victims. Psychology, health & medicine, 18(1), 10-20. Galiano-Castillo, N., Ariza-Garcà ­a, A., Cantarero-Villanueva, I., Fernà ¡ndez-Lao, C., Dà ­az-Rodrà ­guez, L., & Arroyo-Morales, M. (2014). Depressed mood in this disease survivors: associations with physical activity, cancer-related fatigue, quality of life, and fitness level. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 18(2), 206-210. Janelsins, M. C., Kesler, S. R., Ahles, T. A., & Morrow, G. R. (2014). Prevalence,   considered mechanisms, and management of cancer-related cognitive impairment. International Review of Psychiatry, 26(1), 102-113. Leal, S. C., Stuart, S. R., & Carvalho, H. D. (2013). Breast irradiation and lactation: a review. Expert review of anticancer therapy, 13(2), 159-164. Morse, J. M., Pooler, C., Vann-Ward, T., Maddox, L. J., Olausson, J. M., Roche-Dean, M., & Martz, K. (2014). Awaiting diagnosis of this disease: strategies of enduring for preserving self. Oncology Nursing Forum, 41, 350-359. Rakhra, S., Bethke, K., Strauss, J., Hayes, J. P., Hansen, N., Khan, S. A., & Donnelly, E. D. (2016). Risk Factors Leading to Complications in Early-Stage This disease Following Breast-Conserving Surgery and Intraoperative Radiotherapy. Annals of Surgical Oncology, 1-4. Tamagawa, R., Giese?Davis, J., Speca, M., Doll, R., Stephen, J., & Carlson, L. E. (2013). Trait mindfulness, repression, suppression, and self?reported mood and stress symptoms among women with this disease. Journal of clinical psychology, 69(3), 264-277. Wang, Y., Yi, J., He, J., Chen, G., Li, L., Yang, Y., & Zhu, X. (2014). Cognitive emotion regulation strategies as predictors of depressive symptoms in women newly diagnosed with this disease. Psycho?Oncology, 23(1), 93-99.

Surrealism in American Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Surrealism in American Film - Essay Example The essay "Surrealism in American Film" discusses the American film and surrealism. Three American films are good examples of surrealism in the American Cinema. Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004) by Michel Gondry, Blue Velvet (1986) by David Lynch, and Spellbound (1945) by Alfred Hitchcock all draw upon the cultural movement of Surrealism in order to create their works. Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004) was written by Charlie Kaufman, well known for his surrealist concepts. David Lynch, who wrote and directed Blue Velvet (1986), is also a well known surrealist who has dealt at length with the theme of the illusory nature of reality. Alfred Hitchcock, whose talents for creating suspenseful films that leave the audience in wonder and shock, has long been an influence to contemporary film directors and writers for the modern interpretations of Surrealism in film. His film Spellbound (1945) is a primary example of this influence. Surrealism is a style of art that was developed to create an expressive expansion of the dreams of artists so that the internal could be expressed rather than the external repeated. For Salvador Dali, the work of the Surrealist is â€Å"based on phantasms and representations brought about by the materializations of unconscious acts†. The style utilizes what is real but puts it into an unreal framework. A good example of this type of recreation is in Salvador Dali’s Lobster Telephone, 1936, where a lobster has been substituted for the receiver of the telephone.

Impact of Announcing Dividends on Shares Prices of Corporations Listed Dissertation

Impact of Announcing Dividends on Shares Prices of Corporations Listed in the Dubai Financial Market - Dissertation Example 1.2 Name and role of the researcher 1.3 Summary With the development of trade and business, the face of the financial markets has changed completely. Regulatory authorities of different countries have realized the increasing importance of business for economic developments. In this process, they strive to encourage the business environment through various means. In order to encourage industrialization within a country, a huge amount of investments is required. However, it is not always possible for the government to provide the entire capital for developing growth oriented economic structure. In this process, multiple financial markets play a very crucial role in shaping an economy. The primary objective of financial markets is to avail necessary capital for industrial development from different sources. Therefore, financial markets act a mediator that transforms the ideal and potential capital for productive purposes. Besley and Brigham have explained that the financial market helps to â€Å"facilitate flow of fund† from different sources, and in case of developed countries, â€Å"financial markets help efficiently allocate excess funds of savers to individuals and organisation in need of funds for investment or consumption† (Besley and Brigham, 2007, p.89). ... Among these, the financial market is the most prominent in terms of generating funds for public listed companies. The capital market helps to raise long term funds from different retail or institutional investors and the entire mechanism is technically processed though the stock exchanges. The capital markets deal in two sub markets i.e. stock market and bond market (CBL Economic Review, 2009). The investments transaction process between the investors and companies are done by the stock exchange and the stock prices are generally determined automatically based on the prevailing demand and supply. However, the stock prices remain for short run as demand and supply of stock is uncertain and tends to change every now and then (Gray, Cusatis and Woolridge, 2003, p.31). However, there are also other factors that influence the demand and supply of a stock. Basically, multiple internal factors like company performance, dividend, competition etc and external factors like inflation, market st ructure, economic cycle etc are responsible for influencing demand and supply (Khan and Zuberi, 1999, p.47). This research paper will attempt to analyse the role of dividend announcement influencing a stock price while focusing on the companies listed in the Dubai Financial market. Dividend is one of the internal factors that influence stock prices. In fact, when the managements of public listed companies announce the issue of dividends, the stock prices are influenced and there are other changes which can also be traced in relation to the stock. Dividend is â€Å"any distribution made by a company to its shareholders whether in money or other property† (CCH Editors, 2009, p.119).

Social Security Program (SSP) Essay Example for Free

Social Security Program (SSP) Essay Summary As Social Security Program (SSP) is projected to be in deficit in the near future, there is a proposal to privatized SSP and giving workers the chance to invest their payroll taxes to investment opportunities with higher return.   However, it is barred by four major alternatives; namely, current system, tax increase, benefit cuts, and government-led investing.   It is found that privatization approach combined all the advantageous feature of the major alternatives and most importantly providing greater autonomy and worker satisfaction in the long-run.    As a result, it is recommended that further discussion must be opened to public, expert and politician debates to concretize privatization strength and also its weaknesses.   Introduction Officially referred as Old-Age Survivors and Disability Insurance (OASDI), SSP is a payroll tax funded social insurance program of the US.   In 2005, there is a proposal from President Bush to upgrade the current SSP by splitting the benefits to be shouldered by the Government and the benefits to be shouldered by the retirees themselves.   It calls for Thrift Savings Plan-like investment opportunities observed in Government workers which can be channeled to several investing options in bonds and securities market.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bush plan intends to divert part of payroll taxes to private social security accounts.   Democrats disagreed and assure that the Trust Fund is in good form until 2042.   Social Security and Medicare are two primary important national issues among voters.   The pay-as-you-go scheme is the current strategy of the SSP which makes current retirees beneficiaries of current taxpayers.   Also, due to this scheme, the proceeds from payroll taxes surpassed disbursements for two consecutive decades.   As a result, these surpluses are being diverted to other Congressional projects other than SSP.   As early as 2018, however, the surpluses would turn out to be deficits because of the fund diversion.   Analysis Creation of private accounts is argued to minimize long-term liabilities on one hand while this benefit could have short-run difficulties on the other.   The former is supported through the ability of private accounts to reduce payment to future retirees (e.g. the invested amount and interest).   The latter, however, recognized the tendency of those accounts to lengthen in the investment pot as prospective retirees suspend from going out the labor force.   As a result, the pre-retirement period will finance payment through a fund that suffers from a deficit (e.g. revenues/ payroll taxes are less than expenses/ retirement benefits).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The surpluses since1983 are invested in US Treasury Bonds and gained at least $1.8 Trillion in 2005.   The importance of this figure would supposedly be eminent as there are forecasts that expenses will exceed revenues in the coming years.   However, the truth is that the Government is merely borrowing those surpluses to reduce budget deficits.   When the Trust Fund demands redemption, this would result to problematic scenarios such as increase in taxes, postponing of projects, rising debt and selling state properties.   This is the cause of turmoil on how to curb SSP direction.   If no action is done, the Trust Fund is bound to exhaust between 2042 and 2052 with emergency financing is only capable to cover at most 75% of SSP expenses. There is also a lobby to increase quality of life of retirees by raising the rate of return of the SSP contributions in level with interest paid via Government borrowing.   Although the proposal of President Bush addresses part of this, there is suspicion that the privatization strategy is tarnished by libertarian principles against redistribution of state income.   In 1980s, a single-earner couple would receive at least 7% return to their SSP investment.   In contrast, similar couples who are bound to retire in 2010 would only expect an earning of 3.6% return.   There are three elements of such plunge; namely, the aging workforce, rise of total benefits and minimal investment exposure of the Trust Fund.   The third element is vital to the concept of conservative investing as SSP is a means for retirees to remain independent in terms of financial support and be empowered regardless of age.   Findings Privatization provides the future retirees to shoulder investment risks and channel their contributions based on their return expectation.   They are benefited because customized needs will be addressed and retiree satisfaction is optimized.   In macroeconomic terms, it can trigger increase in wealth of retirees that can trickle down to rise in consumer spending which can lead to economic expansion.   In contrary to the current SSP, however, privatization houses moral hazards because excessive risks that will be confronted by individuals can proceed to investment crash.   The current system is characterized by lower risks and management costs compared to the possibility of zero returns and reduction of principal in privatization.   As the current system is bound for bankruptcy, it is aggravated by high payroll taxes, poor return and discrimination against women, low-waged and minority workers.   However, it minimizes the issues of insolvency that privatization failed to r esolve. Along with the current system, there are three non-privatization alternatives with regards to SSP; namely, tax increases, reduction of benefits and obtainment of greater return by real capital asset investing.   Increasing tax rates is supported by the research that US citizens are willing to pay indefinite amount of tax as long as it targets appropriate programs in which apparently Social Security is inclusive.   Further, it is projected that in the near future gross domestic product or GDP will outgrow Social Security taxes by at least 10% caused by pressures of aging population. To save the solvency of SSP from 2016 forecasted deficit, tax rise should meet $103 per worker and by 2030 such increase is required to hit $1,543 per worker.   In this course, adverse effects of tax increase option will result such as reduction in jobs as well as slower economic growth.   There will be also less incentive for workers to work because their Social Security contributions are viewed as pure tax rather as investment that they will receive when they retire. The second option is benefit cut.   One advantage of this is that retirees would be able to receive greater face value even after the reduction of benefits because the payment is done periodically. The privatization alternative also offers benefit cuts but on extreme terms such as ad adjustment of benefit indexing formula with inclusion of adjusted wage productivity and setting a non-greater-than inflation rate ceiling for rising benefits.   The benefit cut option will most likely follow the economic growth to prevent adverse economic impacts.   Specifically, the current SSP plan of increasing the benefits should be lowered to 3%.   Considering excessive benefit cuts of privatization approach, some analysts believed that reduction or even eradicating spouse benefits can be employed.   This strategy is said to solve the issue of small-wage earners. The third alternative is government-led investing by which the state will have the discretion of putting the money from the SSP to private assets.   Privatization also allows this feature with the difference of decision-maker who will make the call which is the workers themselves through creation of private accounts.   Government-led investing reduces the probability of individual workers to manager their finances on sub-optimal and risky manner.   It addresses the lacking of the current system for higher returns with limitation of risks from private accounts.   Potential retirees can enjoy greater returns on one hand and minimal risks on the other.   However, there is bottleneck on this approach. One of the major hurdles is that the substantial finance eminent in SSP can buy a major stake on US companies.   In effect, the negative image of Government agencies and even politicians can mix in corporate world.   Conclusion There is what analysts called ostrich method that supports the current system.   It challenges the very extreme view in projecting the insolvency of SSP.   For example, the growing economy will pus wages and payroll taxes up that can sustain the needs of the Trust Fund.   However, not only solvency issues are important at this stage of US economy.   Apart from the fact that unmet levels of economic growth yet experienced by the country is required to maintain SSP in the decades to come, there are issues of higher rate of return, elimination of minority and women life expectancy-to-benefit inequalities, greater opportunities for wealth creation and absence of right to benefits (e.g. lack of property ownership of contributors). When workers are able to invest their Social Security taxes on their own terms and choosing, it provides sense of ownership and control to their finances and necessarily results to addressing the issues cited in the preceding statement.   Seemingly, privatization is a better option compared to the three alternatives including the option of retaining the current system.   Recommendation It is recommended that the Government should execute due diligence going to final decision on how SSP will be managed.   The public must get involve with deliberations of economic, political and historical experts with authorities and the President on top of the discussion.   This effort would not be very demanding to them as Social Security is one of the most important national issues for US citizens and can serve as the primary source of politicians vote in coming elections.   With relevance on the household and national levels, SSP resolution would be a mere part of US challenge to sustainable growth.   References Anrig, G. (unknown). 10 Myths abut social security, The Century Foundation. Cox, W. (2005). An alternative to the destruction of social security, Online Journal. Lochhead, C. (2005). Bush’s social security proposal takes a hit: GAO finds problems with privatization, Chronicle Washington Bureau. Tanner, M. (2002). No second best: the unappetizing alternatives to social security privatization [Internet].

Glaciers in Oregon and The Fertile Crescent: Fields and Rivers Essay

Glaciers in Oregon Glaciers are a big part of life in Oregon. Glaciers supply drinking water, they irrigate crops and they help generate hydroelectric power. They are also a tourist attraction in areas that have more mountains. Glaciers are a natural resource that are so rare that people all over the world are trying to get these â€Å"frozen streams.† People want the power of glaciers because they can provide drinking water and people living in the city of La Paz, Bolivia rely on the melting of the glaciers. Glaciers irrigate crops and thousands of years ago people in Russia and Asia knew that dark colors promoted melting. This is how they watered their crops during dry periods. Even though this method has been proven very costly, India has created artificial glaciers to provide people with more water. Scientists have been damming glacial meltwater to help generate hydroelectric power. Glaciers supply drinking water to the community and are running low because they are continuing to melt. Glaciers have drastically changed over time because on average, â€Å"glaciers worldwide have been losing mass since at least the 1970s†. The melting of glaciers has been contributing to the rise in sea level because the glaciers have been shrinking faster in the last decade. Three of the major glaciers in the us have shown an overall drop in mass since the 1950s and 1960s and an accelerated rate of decline in recent years. An ice cap covered Mt. Hood during the Ice Age, from about 1.8 million years ago to about 10,000 years ago. These ice caps covered the Oregon Cascades, a series of mountains in Oregon, with glaciers going down on the east and west sides of the range. These glaciers melted into smaller glaciers as the weather proceeded to get warmer... ...ollapsed, but the Nile continued to grow and Great Britain took control of the Nile in the 19th century. Around 60 years ago the Africans gained control of the Nile. Rivers and fields affected the people who lived in the Fertile Crescent throughout the years because of the fertile soil and water. Many people lived in the Fertile Crescent and prospered from the fertile soil by growing an abundance of crops. Once it was abandoned, the Fertile Crescent became cracked soil and vacant land. Works Cited "Service Interruption." Do Glaciers Affect People? NSIDC, n.d. Web. 10 Dec. 2013. "Glaciers in Oregon | Oregon Encyclopedia - Oregon History and Culture." Glaciers in Oregon | Oregon Encyclopedia - Oregon History and Culture. Portland State University, 2008-2013. Web. 10 Dec. 2013. "Fertile Crescent." Ancient History Encyclopedia. N.p., 2009-2013. Web. 09 Dec. 2013.

Learning Team IRAC Brief Essay

Learning Team B was tasked to study the IRAC method of case study analysis, and select one legal case from a current event that has taken place within the past two years relevant to this week’s objectives. After selecting a current case, Learning Team B prepared a case brief using the IRAC method. Learning Team B selected the United States v. Jones case, which was decided January 23, 2012. Learning Team B was also tasked to provide an explanation of how the legal concepts in the United States v. Jones case could be applied within a business managerial setting. The government issued a warrant to place a Global Positioning System on the personal vehicle of Jones to track any unlawful behavior. For 28 days, the government monitored the vehicle and â€Å"it subsequently secured an indictment of Jones and others on drug trafficking conspiracy charges† (â€Å"United states v.,† 2012). The issue is that a violation of the Fourth Amendment may be in question. The questio n in this case is whether or not the vehicle that was fitted with the GPS is considered real or personal property. Also how is the vehicle subject to government surveillance only on public property? Could the vehicle be subject to the real or personal property laws protected under the Fourth Amendment? The question remains if the vehicle can be searched using the GPS only part of the time. The court’s ruling still does not clearly define what the fourth amendment covers as real or personal property. The definition of the Fourth Amendment is not completely clear on exactly what the real or personal property is defined as or if it is reasonable expectation of privacy as defined by society or a court of law. The law â€Å"protects reasonable expectations of privacy, but the Supreme Court has refused to provide a consistent explanation for what makes an expectation of privacy ‘reasonable’† (Kerr, 2007, p. 503). The Fourth Amendment can be applied to a business managerial setting by protecting workers rights to privacy somewhat. Any use of work property, including e-mail and Internet is subject to inspection by the company. There is a reasonable expectation of privacy in the workplace if an employee has an office. If the employee is in the  front of the work environment conversations or anything in plain view can be subject to police search. According to â€Å"Surveillance Self-Defense† (2013), â€Å"A big question in determining whether your expectation of privacy is ‘reasonable’ and protected by the Fourth Amendment arises when you have ‘knowingly exposed’ something to another person or to the public at large† (Reasonable Expectation of Privacy). If a person is exposes intended personal information or property to a third party that reasonable expectation of privacy is no longer valid. The â€Å"Fourth Amendment is part of the Bill of Rights,† and the â€Å"Bill of Rights is the first 10 amendments of the United States Constitution.† The â€Å"Fourth Amendment protects the rights of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures† (Gatewood, 2013, p. 1). The government can use â€Å"GPS to track an individual movement† if they believe a crime have been committed. If law enforcement wants to obtain a warrant for â€Å"a GPS device to be installed† on an individual car, he or she must be able to convince a judge that a crime has been committed. They must also provide the judge with information about the place that will â€Å"be searched, and the† individual â€Å"or thing to be seized† (Hughes & Burton, 2013, p. 1). In this court case, â€Å"the agents obtained a warrant, but they did not comply with two of the warrants restrictions. First, they did not install the GPS device within the 10-day period that was required by the provision of the warrant.† Second, the â€Å"GPS device supposed to be installed in the vehicle in the District of Columbia, as required by the condition of the warrant.† The â€Å"government installs the GPS device on the vehicle in a public parking space in Maryland† (McKenzie, 2002, p. 1). According to McKenzie (2002), â€Å"the vehicle is an effect as the term is used in the Amendment, and this is a violation of the Fourth Amendment.† An organization that use any form of GPS device on an individual vehicle would be violating the Fourth Amendment.† The â€Å"Fourth Amendment† was implemented to safeguard the rights of citizens, and to make sure that his or her â€Å"privacy is not violated† in any way (McKenzie, 2002, p. 1). A public management can â€Å"conduct a mixed-motive search of an employer’s workplace, seeking to discover evidence of worker misconduct, as well as evidence the worker has committed a crime.† For example, a â€Å"search of a computer of a worker who has been downloading child pornography implicates both personnel misconduct and criminal concern.† â€Å"Courts assessing whether to apply the O’Connor reasonableness standard or the more traditional Fourth Amendment probable cause and warrant requirements of these mix-motive searches have applied O’Connor, reasonableness standard.† Certainly, â€Å"as explained by the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, O’Connor’s† objective of â€Å"ensuring that an efficient workplace should not be frustrated simply because the similar misconduct that violates a government management’s rule, and it is also illegal† (Koster, 2007, p. 1). A community employer can conduct searches related to the workplace â€Å"such as to find a missing file or to investigate workplace misconduct,† in compliance with the â€Å"Fourth Amendment without probable cause or a warrant.† A job-related search is â€Å"constitutionally† allowable â€Å"as long as they are reasonable expectation of privacy.† Furthermore, â€Å"even if the search does infringe on a worker’s reasonable expectation of privacy, the search will deemed reasonable in accordance with the Fourth Amendment it is justified as its inception and permissible in scope† (Koster, 2007, p. 1). In George Orwell’s 1984, the citizens of the dystopian, totalitarian country of Oceania are subjected to a grim reality of constant government surveillance. In difference, technology is necessary to fulfill Orwell’s nightmare is far closer to fact than fiction. For example, the smart phone while using its GPS function is an indispensable component for numerous road trips; this global device has many of the same capabilities as 1984 feared telescreen. In the United States v. Jones, the Supreme Court of the United States concluded that police violated the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution when they attached the GPS-enabled tracking device to the defendant’s vehicle and used it to monitor the car’s movements for 28 days (Maryland Law Review, pg. 998). Jones highlights two uniquely prescient  concerns: The impact of modern information-sharing technology on individual privacy, and what limits ought to be placed on Law enforcement from using such technology unrestricted by physical boundaries (Maryland Law Review, pg. 999). The U.S. Supreme Court affirmed the judgment of the lower court and held that without a warrant, the installation of the GPS tracking device constituted an unlawful search under the Fourth Amendment (â€Å"United states v.,† 2012). The government had argued a person did not have a reasonable expectation of privacy on public streets but the U.S. Supreme court rejected this argument. The U.S. Supreme court ruled a person does have a reasonable expectation of privacy on public streets regardless of how the GPS tracking device is placed on the person’s vehicle. The U.S. Supreme Court also ruled that today’s surveillance technology is very advanced but still creates a physical intrusion into a person’s reasonable expectation of privacy protected under the Fourth Amendment (â€Å"United states v.,† 2012). This ruling is very important in today’s business world as technology rapidly advances. The current generation of workers is very comfortable with advanced technology but still have the basic expectations of privacy that workers had 20 years ago. Companies can track email conversations, locate company smart phones using GPS technology, locate, and monitor routes of company vehicles, and even video tape activity at their locations. It is important that an organization brief and ensure each employee acknowledges the reasonable expectation of privacy policies. If a company issues a smart phone to an employee and employ GPS tracking on the phone, the employee must be informed his or her smart phone will be monitored. If a company installs GPS tracking devices on their vehicles the driver of that vehicle must be informed his or her route and movement is subject to company monitoring at all times. If a company video monitors its employees, employees must sign an acknowledgment under standing their movement with the organization is monitored and recorded during the business day. Advanced technology is a tool to reduce fraud in the workplace but cannot violate an employee’s right to privacy under the Fourth Amendment. References Gatewood, J. (2013). It’s raining Katz and Jones: The implications of United States v. Jones- A case of sound and fury. Pace Law Review, 33(2), 683-715. Retrieved from http://Web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com George Orwell Nineteen Eighty-Four, 1988, The Evolving Fourth Amendment United States vs. Jones, The information cloud, and the right to exclude, Ber An Pan, 1993 Hughes, T. & Burton, C. (2013). Police GPS surveillance on vehicles and the warrant Requirement: â€Å"For a while I’ve been watching you steady†. American Journal Of Criminal Justice, 38(4), 535-550.doi:10.1007/s12103-012-9185-z. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com Kerr, O.S. (2007, November). Four Models of Fourth Amendment Protection. Stanford Law Review, 60(2), 503-551. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/224069628?accountid=35812 McKenzie, D. (2002). What were they smoking?: The Supreme Court’s latest step in a long Strange trip thro ugh the Fourth Amendment. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 93(1), 153. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com Koster, P. R. (2007). Workplace searches by public employers and the Fourth Amendment. Urban Lawyer, 39(1). 75-84. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.comezproxy. Apollolibrary.com Surveillance Self-Defense. (2013). Retrieved from https://ssd.eff.org/your-computer/govt/privacy U.S. Supreme Court, (2012). United states v. jones (No. 10–1259). Retrieved from website: http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/11pdf/10-1259.pdf

Andrew Jackson Democracy

Andrew Jackson and his supporters have been criticized for upholding the principles of majority rule and the supremacy of the federal government inconsistently and unfairly. The validity of this statement varies in the cases of the re-charter of the Bank, the nullification controversy, and the removal of the Native Americans. In the case of the re-charter of the bank, the statement is not valid. He did uphold the principles of the majority rule and not of the supremacy of the government.The bank and its branches received federal funding and they were to be used for public purpose by serving as a cushion for the ups and downs of the economy. Biddle, head of the bank, managed it effectively. But his arrogance led many, including Jackson, to believe that Biddle was abusing his power and was serving the interests of the wealthy. As a result, Jackson declared the bank to be unconstitutional even though it was previously said to be constitutional.In the election of 1832, Clay wanted to cha llenge Jackson on the issue by trying to persuade Congress to pass a bank re-charter-bill. Jackson vetoed it, saying that it was a private monopoly and that it favored the wealthy, and in turn led to the backfire of Clay’s plan. The majority of the voters agreed on his attack on the â€Å"hydra of corruption. † And as a result of this issue, Jackson got the majority of the votes and won the election. In his second term Jackson killed the national bank by vetoing its re-charter and by removing all of its money.In his veto message Jackson said â€Å"But when the laws undertake to add to these natural and just advantages artificial distinctions, to grant titles, gratuities, and exclusive privileges to make the rich richer and the potent more powerful, the humble members of society who have neither the time nor the means of securing like favors to themselves, have a right to complain of the injustices of their government†. He then took the money and put it into so c alled â€Å"pet banks† that were located throughout various state banks. He did this because he did not uphold to the ideas of the federal supremacy.Jackson is usually for state’s rights, but not if it leads towards disunion. That is exactly what happened in the issue of nullification. Around 1828 the legislation of South Carolina declared that the Tariff of Abominations, which was and increased tariff, was unconstitutional. According to Calhoun, Jackson’s vice-president, and his nullification theory, each state had the right to decide whether or not to obey it or to declare it void. Daniel Webster, of Mass. , debated against Hayne and attacked the idea that any state could leave the Union.Jackson believed that the Union should be preserved. South Carolina held a convention to nullify both the tariff of 1828 and the newly formed tariff of 1832. The convention determined that the collection of tariffs within a state is against the constitution. Jackson didnâ€⠄¢t like this, so he forced military action by persuading the Congress the pass a so-called Force bill to give him authority to use military action in South Carolina. But the troops did not go. Jackson decided to open up for compromise and to lower the tariff.Jackson did not uphold to the principle of majority to rule in this case because it only dealt with one state, but he did for the supremacy of the federal government. In the case of the removal of the Native Americans, the statement is valid. Jackson’s view on democracy did not extend to the Native Americans. Like the majority he did sympathize with the land-hungry citizens who desperately wanted to take over lands held by the Indians. Jackson thought that the reasonable answer was to require the Native Americans to leave their homeland and head towards west of the Mississippi.He signed the Indian Removal Act in 1830, which forced a resettlement of many thousand Native Americans. In 1831 the Cherokees challenged Georgia in the courts, but the Supreme Court ruled in this case (Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia) that the Cherokee’s where not a foreign nation and couldn’t sue in a federal court. In a second case, Worcester vs. Georgia (1832), the Supreme Court ruled that the laws of Georgia had no force within the boundaries of the Cherokee territory. In a dispute between state’s rights and federal courts, Jackson sided with the states.He said, â€Å"John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it. † In a statement by Edward Everett, he said, â€Å"The Indians, as was natural, looked to the United States for protection. They came first to the President, deeming, and rightly, that it was his duty to afford them this protection. They knew he had but one constitutional duty to perform toward the treaties and laws – the duty of executing them. He informed them that he had no power, in his view of the rights of the States; prevent their extending their laws over th e Indians. This shows that he upheld the principle of the federal supremacy because he abided. Many presidents that have served in the U. S. have had criticisms against them because of the actions they have performed, Jackson being one of them. The validity of the criticism against Jackson varies with the issues regarding the re-charter of the bank, the nullification crisis and the removal of the Native Americans. His presidency changed the way that we look at presidents today.

Conventions of Editing House Style

Conventions of Editing House Style The expression house style refers to the specific usage and editing conventions followed by writers and editors to ensure stylistic consistency in a particular publication or series of publications (newspapers, magazines, journals, websites, books). House-style guides (also known as style sheets or stylebooks) typically provide rules on such matters as abbreviations, capital letters, numbers, date formats, citations, spelling, and terms of address. According to  Wynford Hicks and Tim Holmes, An individual publications  house style is  increasingly seen as an important part of its image and as a marketable commodity in its own right (Subediting for Journalists, 2002). Examples and Observations House style is not a reference to the canard that an entire magazine can be made to sound as if it were written by one writer. House style is a mechanical application of things like spelling and italics. (John McPhee, The Writing Life: Draft No. 4. The New Yorker, April 29, 2013) The Argument for Consistency House style is the way a publication chooses to publish in matters of detail- single quotes or double, use of capitals and lower case, when to use italics, and so on. Putting a piece of copy into house style is the straightforward process of making it fit in with the rest of the publication. The main purpose is consistency rather than correctness... The argument for consistency is  very simple. Variation that has no purpose is distracting. By keeping a consistent style in matters of detail a publication encourages readers to concentrate on what its writers are saying (Wynford Hicks and Tim Holmes,  Subediting for Journalists. Routledge, 2002) Guardian Style [A]t the Guardian . . . , we, like just about every media organisation in the world, have a house style guide... Yes, part of it is about consistency, trying to maintain the standards of good English that our readers expect, and correcting former editors who write such things as This argument, says a middle-aged lady in a business suit called Marion . . .. But, more than anything, the Guardian style guide is about using language that maintains and upholds our values . . .. (David Marsh, Mind Your Language. The Guardian [UK], August 31, 2009) The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage We recently revised two longstanding rules in The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage, the newsroom’s style guide... They were very minor changes, involving simple matters of capitalization and spelling. But the old rules, in different ways, had long annoyed some Times readers. And the issues illustrate the competing arguments of preference, tradition and consistency behind many style rules. . . . We continue to favor clarity and consistency over a hodgepodge of idiosyncratic preferences. We prefer established usage over change for change’s sake. And we put the needs of the general reader over the desires of any particular group.. Consistency is a virtue. But stubbornness isn’t, and we’re willing to consider revisions when a good case can be made. (Philip B. Corbett, When Every Letter Counts. The New York Times, February  18, 2009) A Set of Local Fetishes For most magazines, house style is just an arbitrary set of local fetishes that matter to no one but those insiders petty enough to care. (Thomas Sowell, Some Thoughts About Writing. Hoover Press, 2001)

Biology Lab Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Biology Lab Report - Essay Example Quaternary Disinfectant Cleaner (concentrate), 2007). It may come in concentrated pack indicated as: Pseudomonacidal, Staphylocidal, Salmonellacidal, Bactericidal, Fungicidal, Virucidal, and mildewstatic disinfectant (LYSOL Brand I.C. Quaternary Disinfectant Cleaner (concentrate), 2007). It is also commonly known as decontaminant in almost all spheres where microorganisms are not welcome (LYSOL Brand I.C. Quaternary Disinfectant Cleaner (concentrate), 2007). Its active ingredients are Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, 10.14%, and n-Alykl (C14 50%, C12 40%, C16 10%) dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride , 6.76%. Its inert ingredients are 83.10% (LYSOL Brand I.C. Quaternary Disinfectant Cleaner (concentrate), 2007. According to Reckitt Benckiser the company of professionals that market Lysol, the product has been found to be effective at controlling transmission by eradication of common microorganisms that have been the etiologic agents of human and animal diseases such as colds diarrhea, Rhinovirus (LYSOL Brand I.C. Quaternary Disinfectant Cleaner (concentrate), 2007). Thus, Lysol is anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-virus agent (LYSOL Brand I.C. Quaternary Disinfectant Cleaner (concentrate), 2007). However, its capability of inhibiting growth of Serratia marcescens must be tested. Serratia marcescens is the common strain of bacteria normally used as laboratory experimental subjects. This bacterial strain has a characteristic colony color of red, and has been found to be selectively pathogenic to human beings (Owens & McGowan, 1999). As pathogenic organisms, they are capable of causing infectious diseases (Owens & McGowan, 1999). They may also be contaminants of materials (Owens & McGowan, 1999). However, they can be easily eradicated by physical contact with Lysol as proven by the professionals of Reckitt Benckiser company (LYSOL Brand I.C. Quaternary Disinfectant Cleaner (concentrate), 2007). Statement of the question Does Lysol inhibit the growth of Serratia marcescens HypothesisHo: Lysol does not inhibit growth of Serratia marcescens. Description of Experiment The control set-up consist of 2 Petri dishes of agar streaked with Serratia marcescens marked O% Lysol, and the experimental Set-up consist of 10 Petri dishes of agar streaked with Serratia marcescens marked 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, and 6.25% Lysol. In addition, 12 small paper dots, and 50 ml per concentration of Lysol was prepared. PredictionIf a solution contains high concentration of Lysol, then there will be greater zone of inhibition on a plate streaked with Serratia marcescens, and lower concentrations will not show, if at all, zones of inhibition. Significance of Prediction The extent of zones of inhibitions would reveal Lysol's effects on Serratia marcescens, whether at high concentration or at low concentration. Methods and Materials a) Independent variable i) Lysol, Serratia marcescens, and 1 week were the independent variables. ii) Lysol was prepared at: 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, and 6.25% concentrations, while Serratia marcescens was streak on 12 agar plates. iii) These were chosen to determine at what concentration of Lysol will there be greater or lower zones of inhibitions on Serratia marcescens as streaked on 12 agar plates. iv) 0% Lysol was indicated for the control group. b) Dependent variables i) The zones

Healthy People 2010--Obesity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Healthy People 2010--Obesity - Essay Example But it also is the cause of many other diseases like high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, respiratory problems, and some types of cancer. Because of its growing trend and dangers, it is extremely important to make it one of the most important health issues of the people of North Carolina. Obesity is the result of unhealthy food habits, lack of physical activity and lack of awareness of how it can be dangerous in the future. Out of the 27 nutrition objectives in the program Healthy People 2010, overweight and obesity are the two movements that are observed to be getting away from the targets. In particular, it has been noted that the proportion of adults and children who are obese has increased substantially, and this represents one of the biggest challenges for Healthy People 2010. This worrisome trend has led to set a goal to promote knowledge about healthy habits and reduce chronic disease associated with diet and weight. The study of the obesity issue from the past does not show a positive picture. It was noted that between 1976 and 1994, the number of cases of obesity alone have increased by more than 50 percent—from 14.5 percent of the adult population to 22.5 percent. Approximately 25 percent of U.S. adult females and 20 percent of U.S. adult males are obese ( Healthy People 2010). Overweight and obesity occurs when a person consumes more calories from food (energy) than he or she expends through physical activity. And looking at the fast paced mechanical life, where most of the work is done on computer and machines, there are no chances of people getting involved